LC-MS analysis of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in sodium chloride-treated suspension cells of Aquilaria sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in sodium chloride(NaCl)-treated suspension cells of Aquilaria sinensis was conducted by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Both analyses were performed on a Waters T3 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phases at gradient elution. MS data were collected by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Forty-seven phenylethylchromones was identified from NaCl-treated suspension cell samples of A. sinensis using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS, including 22 flindersia-type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and their glycosides, 10 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and 15 mono-epoxy or diepoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. Additionally, 25 phenylethylchromones were quantitated by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Overall, the rapid and efficient qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylethylchromones in NaCl-treated suspension cells of A. sinensis by two LC-MS techniques, provides an important reference for the yield of phenylethylchromones in Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum using in vitro culture and other biotechnologies.

Potential components and mechanism of Liangxue Tuezi Mixture in treating Henoch-Schönlein purpura based on network pharmacology and metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of fight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UNIFI were employed to rapidly determine the content of the components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture. The targets of the active components and Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP) were obtained from SwissTargetPrediction, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM), and GeneCards. A "component-target-disease" network and a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were constructed. Gene Ontology(GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the targets by Omishare. The interactions between the potential active components and the core targets were verified by molecular docking. Furthermore, rats were randomly assigned into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Liangxue Tuizi Mixture groups. Non-targeted metabolomics was employed to screen the differential metabolites in the serum, analyze possible metabolic pathways, and construct the "component-target-differential metabolite" network. A total of 45 components of Liangxue Tuizi Mixture were identified, and 145 potential targets for the treatment of HSP were predicted. The main signaling pathways enriched included resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT), and T cell receptor. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture had strong binding ability with the key target proteins. A total of 13 differential metabolites in the serum were screened out, which shared 27 common targets with active components. The progression of HSP was related to metabolic abnormalities of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid. The results indicate that the components in Liangxue Tuizi Mixture mainly treats HSP by regulating inflammation and immunity, providing a scientific basis for rational drug use in clinical practice.

Study on the objectivity and biological mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn.'s 'Great dryness damages the liver' / 药学学报

According to the theory of 'Xingben Dazao' of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BL), the susceptible syndromes and biomarkers of liver injury caused by BL were searched. Rat models of kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (M_yin) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (M_yang) were established, and all animal experimental operations and welfare following the provisions of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. YFYDW2020017). The results showed that BL significantly decreased the body weight, water intake, and urine weight of M_yin rats and increase the organ indexes of the liver, testis, adrenal gland, and spleen and the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Meantime, BL significantly increased the urine weight of M_yang rats and decreased the expression of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that BL could aggravate inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes in rats with M_yin and alleviate liver injury in rats with M_yang. Metabolomics identified 17 BL co-regulated significant differential metabolic markers in M_yin and M_yang rats. Among them, 8 metabolites such as glutamine, quinolinate, biliverdin, and lactosylceramide showed opposite trends, mainly involving cysteine and methionine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and other pathways. M_yin/M_yang may be the susceptible constitution of BL for liver damage or protection, which may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. The study can provide some experimental data support for the safe and accurate use of BL in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis of occurrence pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ） To analyze the occurrence pattern of work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs among workers Methods in a shipyard based on latent category model. A total of 446 workers from a shipyard in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs in the past year was ， investigated using China Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the occurrence patterns of WMSDs were analyzed by latent class. Results （ ） The prevalence of WMSDs in the past year was 71.1% 317/446 . The prevalence of WMSDs in single site was 24.4% （ ）， （ ） - 109/446 and was 46.6% 208/446 in multiple sites. The prevalence of WMSDs in multiple sites was 3.9 17.3 times higher than that in single site. The fitting results of latent class model showed that the model with three latent classes was the best - （ ）， model. The three potential categories of WMSDs occurrence patterns in the study subjects were the all site group 28 patients （ ）， （ ）， ， the neck and lower back/waistgroup 153 patients and the few or no site group 265 patients accounting for 6.3% 34.3% ， Conclusion and 59.4% respectively. WMSDs of shipyard workers have obvious category characteristics. Latent class analysis can be used to explore the occurrence pattern of WMSDs in shipyard workers.

Study on alleviating effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to explore the alleviating effect and mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Psora-leae Fructus-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and cell experiments. The active components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Psoraleae Fructus were first retrieved from the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM), Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD), and literature and further screened by SwissADME. The obtained 25 potential toxic components of Psoraleae Fructus and 29 flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were input into the SwissTargetPrediction for target predication. A total of 818 targets related to liver injury were screened out based on GeneCards and MalaCards, and 91 common targets of Psoraleae Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and liver injury were obtained from Venny. STRING was applied for constructing the PPI network, and Metascape for analyzing the biological processes and signaling pathways that common targets participated in. Cytoscape was used to construct the component-target-disease network and component-target-pathway network for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury. The predicted core targets were proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase subunit alpha(PIK3 CA), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), etc, with PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway mainly involved. Following the scree-ning of the main toxic and pharmacodynamic components, the pharmacodynamic effects were investigated by cell experiments. The results showed that licochalcone A was mainly responsible for alleviating coryfolin-induced liver injury, licochalcone B for coryfolin-and psoralidin-induced liver injury, and echinatin for corylifolinin-and bakuchiol-induced liver injury. The preliminary revealing of the alleviating effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury and the prediction of related mechanisms will provide reference for further mechanism research and reasonable clinical compatibility.

Dihydromyricetin reverses Herceptin resistance by up-regulating miR-98-5p and inhibiting IGF1R/HER2 dimer formation in SKBR3 cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of dihydromyricetin on the expression of miR-98-5p and its mechanism in the development of Herceptin resistance in SKBR3 cells.@*METHODS@#The expression of IGF2 and miR-98-5p and their interaction relationship were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis through TargetScan online databases. SKBR3 cells and drug-resistant SKBR3-R cells were cultured in cell experiments. Xenograft tumor mice were constructed by SKBR3 and SKBR3-R cells. Proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Transfected cells were constructed by shRNA lentivirus vectors. RT-QPCR was used to detect RNA. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS method. Cell jnvasion was detected by Transwell assay. Luciferase reporting assays were used to verify RNA interactions. IGF-1R/HER2 heterodimer was determined by immunocoprecipitation.@*RESULTS@#The expression of IGF2, p-IGF1R, p-Akt and p-S6K in SKBR3-R cells were significantly higher than those in SKBR3 cells, while the expression of PTEN protein was lower in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05). IGF1R/HER2 heterodimer in SKBR3-R cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01).The expression of IGF2 and invasion ability were significantly reduced while transfected with miR-98-5p in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05), but the IGF2 mRNA were no difference in both cells (P > 0.05). The expression of miR-98-5p was up-regulated and IGF2 was decreased in drug-resistant xenograft tumor mice after feeding with dihydromyricetin, and the tumor became more sensitivity to Herceptin (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Dihydromyricetin could induce the expression of miR-98-5p, which binds to IGF2 mRNA to reduce IGF2 expression, inhibit the IGF-1R/HER2 formation, thereby reversing cell resistance to Herceptin in SKBR3-R cells.

Safety of axillary reverse lymphatic mapping after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer:A follow-up study / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and safety of axillary reverse lymphatic mapping(ARM) afterneoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) for breast cancer.METHODS: The clinical data of 45 breast cancer patients whomreached yc N0 after being treated with NAC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 2015 and July 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Double tracer SLNB,directly ALND,or ALND followed by SLNBfailure/SLN + were performed according to the indication of the disease. All the patients were performed ARM usingmethylene blue dye during operation. The success rate of ARM mapping,tumor invasion rate and the safety of ARMlymph node retention were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: There were 13 patients in the ARM lymph node retentiongroup and 32 patients in the ARM lymph node resection group. Follow-up was up to June 2019,the median follow-uptime was 37.5(12-48)months. Discovery rate of ARM in ALND and SLNB group was 93.1%(27/29) and 40%(8/20)respectively. ARM lymph node and SLN overlap was 3 cases. ARM lymph node tumor metastasis was 1 case. Incidencerate of upper limb edema after surgery was lower in ARM reserved group than excision group(P=0.010). The differencesof local recurrence rate between ARM reserved group and excision group was not significant(P=1.000).CONCLUSION: For breast cancer patients with yc N0 after neoadjuvant therapy,reverse axillary lymph node mapping has a high successrate and a low tumor metastasis rate,which is safe and feasible.

Influence of preoperative nicorandil application on coronary no-reflow in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore influence of preoperative nicorandil application on coronary no-reflow during emer-gency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction(AAMI). Methods:A total of 116 AAMI patients were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and nic-orandil group(received nicorandil based on routine treatment).TIMI grade,incidence rate of no-reflow,ECG ST-segment elevation resolution(STR)and incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)after PCI were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group after PCI,there were signifi-cant rise in percentage of infarct related artery(IRA)TIMI grade 3(77.6% vs.91.4%)and STR on 2h after PCI[(0.15 ± 0.05)mm vs.(0.18 ± 0.05)mm],and significant reductions in incidence rates of no-reflow(13.8% vs. 3.4%)and MACE(17.2% vs.5.2%)in nicorandil group after PCI,P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Preoperative nicorandil application can reduce incidence rate of no-reflow after PCI,improve myocardial perfusion and reduce in-cidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Clinical study on biomechanical mechanism of suspension exercise therapy (SET) for treating cervical spondylosis / 医用生物力学

Objective To reveal the biomechanical mechanism of suspension exercise therapy (SET) for treating cervical spondylosis. Methods From August 2015 to December 2016, 72 patients with cervical spondylosis were divided into experimental group (SET treatment group) and control group (traction treatment group) based on simple random sampling methods. For experimental group: 9 males and 27 females, the average age (45.19±10.09) years old, the average disease course (24.94±18.07) months. For control group: 11 males and 25 females, the average age (44.08±8.88) years old, the average disease course (22.17±14.96) months. The mechanical properties of neck muscles before treatment and at the end of disease course were tested by Biodex Ⅲ Isokinetic Testing System. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the peak torque (PT), average power (AP), peak torque of flexor/extensor peak torque ratio (F/E) for both groups; after treatment, PT, AP, F/E in experimental group was improved compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Significant differences in PT, AP, F/E were found for experimental group before and after SET treatment(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in visual analogue scale (VAS) of neck pain for both groups before treatment (P＞0.05)，while the VAS of experimental group was better than that of control group(P<0.05). Significant differences in the VAS were found for experimental group before and after SET treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion sSET can improve the contraction forces and work efficiency of neck muscles for patients with cervical spondylosis, as well as the coordination ability of flexors and extensors muscles, which will contribute to restoring biomechanical properties of the patients with cervical spodylosis.

Clinical study on biomechanical mechanism of suspension exercise therapy (SET) for treating cervical spondylosis / 医用生物力学

Objective To reveal the biomechanical mechanism of suspension exercise therapy (SET) for treating cervical spondylosis.Methods From August 2015 to December 2016,72 patients with cervical spondylosis were divided into experimental group (SET treatment group) and control group (traction treatment group) based on simple random sampling methods.For experimental group:9 males and 27 females,the average age (45.19 ±10.09) years old,the average disease course (24.94 ± 18.07) months.For control group:11 males and 25 females,the average age (44.08 ± 8.88) years old,the average disease course (22.17 ± 14.96) months.The mechanical properties of neck muscles before treatment and at the end of disease course were tested by Biodex Ⅲ Isokinetic Testing System.Results Before treatment,there were no signficant differences in the peak torque (PT),average power (AP),peak torque of flexor/extensor peak torque ratio (F/E) for both groups;after treatment,PT,AP,F/E in experimental group was improved compared with those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences in PT,AP,F/E were found for experimental group before and after SET treatment (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in visual analogue scale (VAS) of neck pain for both groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05),while the VAS of experimental group was better than that of control group (P ＜0.05).Significant differences in the VAS were found for experimental group before and after SET treatment (P ＜0.05).Conclusions SET can improve the contraction forces and work efficiency of neck muscles for patients with cervical spondylosis,as well as the coordination ability of flexors and extensors muscles,which will contribute to restoring biomechanical properties of the patients with cervical spodylosis.

Association of serum vitamin D with bone mineral density of middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Vitamin D is a key substance that promotes calcium absorption and maintains the health of skeletal system,but its relationship with bone mineral density remains controversial.OBJECTIVE:To determine the relationship between serum level of vitamin D and bone mineral density in the middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China.METHODS:The patients aged over 50 years old admitted in the clinic and in-patient department of a large-scale 3A hospital from July 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled and the clinical data were collected.Then,the association between the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and bone mineral density (at the lumbar spine,femoral neck and total hip) was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 1 154 patients (77.2％ female) were enrolled with a mean age of (64.62±10.48)years,and the mean serum level of 25(OH)D was (62.07±37.40) nmol/L.The serum level of 25(OH)D decreased with age increasing,and the proportion of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in patients aged 50-59,60-69 and ≥ 70 years old was 71.3％,77.0％ and 80.1％,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the serum level of 25(OH)D was not associated with bone mineral density at the lumbar spine,but had a weakly positive correlation with bone mineral density at the femoral neck and total hip (r=0.09 and 0.08,P ＜ 0.01).For patients with vitamin deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L),there was a significantly positive correlation between serum level of vitamin D and bone minerat density at the lumbar spine,femoral neck and total hip (r =0.117,0.120 and 0.146,P ＜ 0.01).After subgroup analysis,vitamin D level was not associated with bone mineral density in male,but was significantly associated with that in female (r=0.105,0.135 and 0.171 for the lumbar spine,femoral neck and total hip,respectively,P ＜ 0.01).Therefore,the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is common in middle-aged and elderly patients in southern China.The serum level of vitamin D is not related to bone mineral density in male,but was positively correlated with that in female.

Metabolic disorders increase the risk to incident cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been adequately explored in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. This study aimed to investigate MetS' prevalence and its impact on the CVD incidence in this specific population group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A data set of a community-based prospective cohort study was analyzed. A total of 2300 subjects aged 40-94 years were followed up for the CVD events. MetS defined according to the JCDCG criteria was assessed at baseline, and the middle-aged and elderly groups were classified by the WHO definition.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the middle-aged group, the prevalence of MetS increased by 0.6 times (34.6% vs. 21.3%) and the incidence density of CVD increased by 4.9 times in the elderly group (52.3/1000 person-year vs. 8.9/1000 person-year). Furthermore, the multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk to CVD incidence was independently related to increased waist circumference in the middle-aged group (HR=2.23, P<0.01) and to elevated blood glucose in the elderly group (HR=1.39, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MetS was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. MetS significantly increased the risk to CVD incidence in the elderly. All individuals with metabolic disorders should receive active clinical care to reduce the incidence of CVD.</p>

Effects of hypertension and low shear stress on common carotid remodeling in rats / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the mechanisms of vascular remodeling induced by hypertension and/or low shear stress, which will be helpful in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Method The models of low shear stress in carotid artery or of hypertension were established by the ligation of partial distal branches of the left common carotid artery (LCA) or by the coarctation of aorta in SD rats, respectively. For some rats, the low shear stress in LCA was accompanied by the hypertension. The wall thickness and the ratio of wall thickness to inner diameter were determined by morphometrical approach. The MMP-2 activity was detected by gel zymography, and the expression of proteins, including p-Akt, Rho GDIα, was verified by Western blotting in LCA. Results When LCA was subjected to hypertension or low shear stress, MMP-2 activity, the wall thickness, and the ratio of wall thickness to inner diameter were all increased significantly. They were further enhanced when the hypertension and low shear stress were both existed, which would speed the vascular remodeling. Low shear stress induced the expression of p Akt, and the lower shear stress, the higher p-Akt expression would be. However, the highest expression of p-Akt was observed in LCA of hypertension accompanied by low shear stress. The expression of Rho GDIα was upregulated in LCA by either low shear stress or hypertension. The highest expression of Rho GDIα was observed in LCA of hypertension accompanied by low shear stress. Conclusions Vascular remodeling could be mostly influenced in LCA subjected to low shear stress accompanied by hypertension, which was also regulated through the changing expression of p-Akt and Rho GDIα.

Comparison of body mass index with body fat percentage in the evaluation of obesity in Chinese / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the present Chinese body mass index (BMI) criteria with body fat percentage (BF%) in determining obesity in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4 907 subjects (age: 20-90 yrs) were enrolled in the baseline survey of a longitudinal epidemiological study, and 2 638 of them were reevaluated in 5.5 years later. The Chinese BMI and WHO BF% were used to define obesity, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diagnostic agreement between the Chinese BMI and WHO BF% definitions for obesity was poor for both men (kappa: 0.210, 95% CI: 0.179-0.241) and women (kappa: 0.327, 95% CI: 0.296-0.358). However, BMI had a good correlation with BF% both in men (r: 0.785, P<0.01) and women (r: 0.864, P<0.01). The age and sex-adjusted relative risks (RR) for incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were significantly higher in subjects with intermediate BF% (BF%:20.1%-25% for men, 30.1%-35% for women) (RR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.23-4.48) and high BF%(BF%>25% for men and > 35% for women)(RR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.43-5.81), or in subjects with high BMI (BMI>or=28 kg/m(2)) (RR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.31-4.63) when compared to those with low BF% (BF%<or=20% for men and<or=30% for women) or low BMI (BMI24 kg/m(2)) respectively. No difference in risk could be found in those with intermediate BMI (BMI: 24-27.9 kg/m(2)) (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.86-2.40), as compared to those with low BMI (BMI<24 kg/m(2)), whose BF% ranged widely from 7.8 to 50.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BMI was correlated with BF%. Both BMI and BF% were associated with high risk for T2DM. However, BMI had its limitations in the interpretation of subjects with BMI between 24 and 27.9 kg/m(2).</p>

Clinical efficacy of vardenafil on ED patients with kidney-yang or -yin deficiency or liver-qi stasis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficacy of vardenafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) patients with kidney-yang deficiency, kidney-yin deficiency or liver-qi stasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 124 ED patients were divided into Groups A (kidney-yang deficiency, n=44), B (kidney-yin deficiency, n=41) and C (liver-qi stasis, n = 39). All the patients were treated with vardenafil at 5 mg daily for 8 weeks, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated by comparing the scores on IIEF-5 and Erection Quality Scale (EQS) before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After vardenafil treatment, the IIEF-5 and EQS scores of the ED patients were markedly increased, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.01). The success rate of sexual intercourse was significantly improved in Groups A, B (P < 0.01) and C (P < 0.05). And the hardness of penile erection was enhanced by 81.82%, 73.17% and 43.59% respectively in the three groups of patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vardenafil is more effective for ED patients with kidney-yang or kidney-yin deficiency than for those with liver-qi stasis.</p>

Retrospection and future of microskin grafting / 中华烧伤杂志

Since microskin grafting was used in 1985, 23 years have passed. Many patients with extensive third degree burns were cured by the technique. Some progresses and further improvements are discussed. (1) Several kinds of apparatus were devised to cut skin into micrografts with good results. (2) The orientation of each skin granule and even dispersion of micrografts are very important. Some methods to spread micrografts on wound were compared with one another, the technique of flotation in saline and transferring them on silk texture is still the best way. (3) Many outside materials other than silk can be selected, among them the homograft is commonly used, but it has some shortcomings. (4) The technique should be further improved. Stem cell transplantation may be expected as a new way to help heal extensive wounds.

A practical method for the calculation of wound water loss in burn patients / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate a calculating method of wound water loss (WWL) in hospitalized burn patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-five adult burn patients with total burn area over 50% were enrolled in the study. The WWL formula after shock stage (after 3rd postburn day) was given as: WWL (ml/%/kg/24 h) = [input (ml/24 h)-urine output (ml/24 h)-500 ml] / actual burn wound area(%) / body weight (kg). The result was compared with that determined by other formulas such as Davies, S.M.S.P and Lamke and palm rule.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The calculated daily WWL in burn patients after shock stage was found out to be 0.9 +/- 0.1 ml/%/kg/24 h by this method. This figure is comparable with that calculated by several different methods. Palm rule could be simply applied in the patients with body weight around 60 kg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method and palm rule were proved to be simple and practical for the calculation of WWL in burn patients, which could be applied in clinical work.</p>

Study in functional compensation of skin flap:an experimental of fast prefabricated random skin flap / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possibility and the limit in increasing the survival area of the random skin flap by extremely increasing the ratio of its length and width within 24 hours.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats (n = 20) were chosen for this study. The rats were randomly divided into: subject group and control one. Pre-made skin flap was prepared as design. The subject group was carried out rapid pre-fabricated skin flap formation training. No training was performed in control group. The changes in perfusion value of micro-circulation inside skin flap were monitored during the whole process, and micro-circulation parameters of the skin flap were used to evaluate whether its blood circulation network was mature or not.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Training of pre-made skin flap at 18th hour, the perfusion value of its micro-circulation was basically stable, Skin flap formation was finished at 24th hour. Survival area in control group was (68.25 +/- 0.18)% and in subject group was (97.25 +/- 0.24)% (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Within short time, it is possible to establish micro-circulation in skin flap which exceeds the limit set by traditional theory. Digitalized judgment can be used to monitor the fast formation of super-big skin flap. This method is reliable and can increase the survival rate of random skin flap.</p>

Fluid management and cause of death during shock period in patients with severe burns or burns complicated by inhalation injury / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore fluid management and cause of death during shock period in severe burns or burns with inhalation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve patients with severe burns or burn complicated by inhalation injury admitted to our hospital from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. The fluid management and death conditions during shock period were discussed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fluid volume for resuscitation could be described as follows: the total fluid volume was 2.2 ml/(%TBSA.kg) including colloid fluid 0.5 ml/(%TBSA.kg), crystalloid fluid 1 ml/(%TBSA.kg)and water 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) during first 24 hours. The total fluid volume was 1.8 ml/(%TBSA.kg) including colloid fluid 0.4 ml/(%TBSA.kg), crystalloid fluid 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) and water 0.7 ml/(%TBSA.kg) during second 24 hours. There were no difference in fluid management between burns and burns with inhalation injury. Seven patients died due to respiratory failure during shock period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Many fluid formula can provide guidance for resuscitation and it is very important that early fluid therapy should accord with concrete clinical conditions of patients in order to pass smoothly through shock period. Early fluid management is not different between burns and burns with inhalation injury.</p>